Pomegranates (Punica granatum), known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, grow on small shrubs. Rich in vitamins C and K, pomegranate juice is popular among many. However, when these plants are attacked by various diseases, it can lead to significant loss in fruit production. Here, we discuss the diseases that affect pomegranates and the integrated methods to control them.
Leaf Spot and Fruit Rot Disease
This disease is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Affected leaves show small bluish spots with yellow halos. Additionally, sunken brown spots appear on the fruits, leading to cracks.
Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease
Caused by the fungus Cercospora punicae, this disease leads to brown spots on the leaves and fruits of the affected plant. As these spots enlarge, the leaves may wither, and the fruits can rot. Small branches may also be affected, potentially leading to the death of the plant.
Bacterial Blight Disease
This disease is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis punicae. Infected leaves show brown spots surrounded by yellow halos or water-soaked areas. Nodes on the small branches turn brown or black. Fruits develop shiny, raised brown or black spots. This infection is primarily seen on the fruit skin. In severe cases, small cracks and white dried patches may appear on the spots.
Integrated Disease Management Practices
- Ensure uniform irrigation, avoiding waterlogging. The soil should have good drainage.
- Remove and destroy plant debris from diseased plants to prevent the survival of pathogens.
- Use organic fertilizers such as compost, vermicompost, or manures.
- To control fruit rot, mix 1 ml of Difenoconazole or 133 grams of Pyraclostrobin with 50 grams of Epoxiconazole in 1 liter of water and spray on the plants.
To control fungal diseases, spray a 0.1% solution of Carbendazim. For bacterial blight, spray a 1% Bordeaux mixture or a 0.25% Copper Oxychloride solution.
R. Thilakavathi, Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. M.S. Swaminathan Agricultural College and Research Institute, Eachangkottai, Thanjavur.
